Homme

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Food & Dining

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Music

Thunderstruck- ACDC

Tranquilized- Acid Bath

Dream On- Aerosmith

Dude Looks Like a Lady- Aerosmith

Shooting Star- Air Traffic

Harness

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Accesories

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Put Your Back Into It

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English Free Writing

9/13/10

prompt= We may all have come on different ships, but we are in the same boat. – Martin Luther King, Jr.

We’re all in this together, when we know, who we are, we’re all stars and we see that! Dah dah dah, MAKE OUR DREAMS COME TRUEEE, yeah. Together, together, together everyone. Together, together, come on lets have some fun! Together, we’re there for each other, every time!! Together, together, come on lets have some fun!

Martin Luther King, Jr. is a good role model to set for yourself. For a while he was my role model. I feel like he viewed the world the same way I do, where everybody is equal and there’s no reason why you should see some people as different and make them suffer for that. I think I got that from my mother, because my father seems to me like a racist, although he would never admit that. Well, I don’t see why somebody would, that would just make them an asshole. I could understand being uncomfortable around people that are unfamiliar to you, but I don’t see what would give you the right to hate them. I really try not to hate people, I don’t think its worth the time, effort or energy. Besides, if you hate someone, that means that you still have emotions towards them. It’s much worse to be completely impassive to someone, then to hate them.

9/14/10

prompt=  We must be the authors of the history of our age.- Madeline Albright

The future is in the children’s hands. Yada yada yada. That’s not true, theres middle aged people that accomplish more in their old age than some kids will in their entire lives. Theres this one new fashion designer whose name I forgot, and he is a middle aged man. He’s managed to be something of a philanthropist and still incorporate fashion. He uses textiles made in Kenya for his designs, and by doing so, he is stirring the economy for them. I like that. I am interested in fashion, but it sometimes seems like such a frivolous thing when there are very poor people. I am also interested in helping people who are in less fortunate situations then I am, and this man showed me that it is possible to do so. Now I have my own ideas of how I can combine the two things I truly have a passion for. What that man did will go down in history, and hopefully I will too for the same reason. That’s it. I’m done. Really, that’s all I have to say. I LIKE ICE CREAM AND LASAGNA. Really, its true. Speaking of ice cream, I almost put bbq sauce on my ice cream last week…

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9/15/10

prompt= “ The wastebasket is the writer’s best friends”

This is referring to trial and error. A writer can go through hundreds of sheets of paper before the can get the desired result. Usually, they can’t get past the first sentence, and so next to the wastebasket there will be tons of crumbled up pieces of paper with only five words on them and then a whole lot of scribble. Starting tends to be the hardest part when you are working on something. The beginning sets the rhythm for things to come, and if you are not happy with how things start then you’re going to be unhappy the whole way through. Starting tends to be the hardest part for me, just in general- writing an essay to cleaning  my room.

9/20/10

prompt= plastic surgery

Plastic surgery is generally surgery to alter ones appearance. If I were to get plastic surgery somewhere that wasn’t my face, it would probably be on my tuchus, in order to make it large and perky. Yes, I think that’s what I would do. I personally don’t have an opinion on people who decide to get plastic surgery. At times I think it can get a bit ridiculous, and It mostly is a vanity thing, but so what. People should be entitled to be slightly vain, and if getting plastic surgery is something that will help them feel better about themselves, then why should I care?! I think that plastic surgery can also sometimes be a good thing. Besides for when it is necessary for some reason, lets say a woman has a child and then afterwards  her body doesn’t return to the way it was. If one boob is bigger than the other, then of course she should get a plastic surgery to even them out if she can! She would look ridiculous if she walked around with one boob bigger than the other.

English Notes

Who settles the British Isles?

·      Iberians (Spain and Portugal)

·      Celts (Ireland)

·      Romans

·      Anglo-Saxons

10/5/10

Middle ages

Medieval

1066- the Normans conquer the Anglo Saxons

1170-

·      there was an English king called Henry the II and he wanted major control over the church. In order to control it, he appointed his friend Thomas A’Beckett into the position of Arch Bishop of Canterbury (the highest position in England in the church). He thought that by appointing A’Beckett, Edward thought he would be in control, but A’Beckett wanted to do good with his position. A’Beckett was assassinated by loyal knights of Henry on the Church steps without Edwards orders.

·      They catonized (made a saint) of A’Beckett= Saint Thomas

10/18/10

Comparing the circle of life to the seasons:

Spring- birth and youth

Summer- summer/adulthood

Fall- adulthood/ middle age

Winter- old age/ death

Knight-

·      Traveled near and far

·      willing to risk everything for god, his people, his lord

·      meek= means he’s not a braggart, has manners

·      he is not into the exterior( not fantastic horse, worn out clothes, not dressed gaily)

·      doing it because he is deeply religious and cares about being a good knight and thanking god

Squire-

·      Cares about the external- long, nice, curly hair

o   Can get caught in the trees

·      Vanity, horny

·      Stays close to home= cares about the lady

·      Wearing clean and flowery clothing, groomed, doesn’t dress practically for being in battle

·      Good qualities- respect, humble, good looking, plays music, strong, courteous, educated- aristocratic

·      Not in the right profession

Yeoman-

·      Christopher- patron saint of foresters (he was a forester)

·      The narrator gave his opinion (that he was good)- indicates that there may not be people that feel the same way

o   Saying his opinion changes the intent

·      He is a real forester- knows his stuff

·      Knowledgeable about the forest and wood craft

·      Knew his weaponry and how to take care of them (arrows never drooped)

·      Chaucer is unsure what his opinion is of him

Prioress-

·      Shouldn’t be cursing at all, even if it’s mild

·      Madam Eglantine- kind of plant, not such a holy name

·      Used sarcasm

·      FAT ASS

·      Wants to appear meticulous and high class, but she has bad manners

·      Buzz word= key word that stands out- imitate

·      People of the church are not meant to have pets and she has a bunch of boys that she looooooves

o   Nuns are meant to watch orphans

·      How can she afford jewelry? And why does her thing say “love conquers all”

Merchant-

·      Wealthy- beaver hat

·      Pompous- always talked about how much money he made

·      Sarcastic- he’s in debt but he makes his exterior very lavish

·      Don’t know his name- so you can’t find him

·      The narrator speaks of his sarcastically

·      This man is sneaky

Cleric

·      Religious

·      Old

·      Poor- he and his horse are thin

·      Never found a job

·      Values knowledge- would rather books than clothes and food

·      “but little gold in his chest”

o   alchemy= trying to make gold from other things

·      Chaucer likes him, but he can’t get a job

Lawyer

·      “at least he seemed so”- not necessarily true

·      good at his job

·      puts on an act- makes himself look busier than he was= fake

Franklin- wealthy free man landowner

·      Hedonist

·      Likes to drink

·      Lives in excess

Guild- a group of people from every profession= union

·      Get into it by apprenticing form the age of 7 under a contract

·      Jews were not allowed into the guild- made money by being bankers- gave out loans

·      Usury- lending money and getting interest back

o   Illegal in the church and for Jews

·      Of the Emerging Middle Class

·      “seemed”- not definite

·      henpecked- the wives are doing that to the men, so the men do everything so that the women can feel respected

Cook-

·      Good cook

·      They cooked on the floor= the cook had a big, open sore on his shin

·      Chaucer thinks they are men  who are not in control of their lives

Sailor-

·      Said he was a good guy but not true because he stole mine

·      The narrator thinks he is a good guy, but Chaucer says otherwise

·      Excellent sailor

·      PIRATE

Physician-

·      Ahead in the technological advances of his time

·      Crook- he told people they had diseases they didn’t have

o   Was scheming with the drug dealer

·      More of a man of science than a man of church

·      Took advantage of the people just for the money= greedy and cheap

Manciple-

·      Smart but not educated- has street smarts= clever

·      Rich

Reeve-

·      Estate manager and chief accountant

·      The lord is dependant on the reeve, and as a result of the reeve helping the lord out the reeve gets gifts

·      Always rides in the back of the procession- people hate him

o   They were afraid of him and what he would do to them

o   Thin, creepy and intimidating

Summoner- hunted people down whom they were told were sinning and sent them to court

·      Had leprosy, ugly as hell and had gross eating habits, dumbass

·      Accepted bribes

·      Everything is about money for him

·      Narrator-

·      Chaucer does not like him

Pardoner-

·      Con man- he displays crap for a price and says that it has some sort of religious significance

o   Made “monkeys”, or fools, of people

·      Good at his job but is corrupt- only cares about the money

Chaucer/Narrator-

·      Hot to be a good storyteller

o   Tell stories word for word

§  Saying that he will do so, so that he can remove the blame form himself if anyone dislikes it

·      If I don’t do things according to rank, don’t be offended because I’m stupid.

Host- Harry Bailey

·      Gets everyone to make a promise

·      Everyone should say 2 stories each way

·      Says that if you don’t agree with the plan you’ll have to pay for everyone= everyone agrees

The Knight goes first

·      Highest in rank

The Prioresses Tale

·      Makes a prayer to tell a good story

·      Jews are evil and their profession is usury

·      Story of a 7 year old boy who was very religious and devoted. He learned a song about Mary and sang it whenever he walked thought the Jewish ghetto. Satan put ideas into the Jews heads saying that he shouldn’t be singing such a hateful song against Jews in their quarters.

·      A Jew took the boy, slit his throat, and threw him in the garbage

·      The mother is distraught and going out of her mind with worry

·      She goes and searches the Jews quarters but no one knows where he is

·      Jesus made the kid sing by some FAASCINATING MIRACLE and they find the baby

·      Compare him to precious stones

·      Second Rachel- comparing his mom to Rachel

11/15/10

Blood Libel

12/2/10

12/9/10

The Anti-Shakespeareans-

·      Believe that a bunch of people just go together and wrote his plays

·      For someone who accomplished as much as him, there aren’t really that many records of him.

·      Most people believe Shakespeare is fo real

·      There are records of signatures that don’t really match up

Classic

·      Universal theme

·      Transcends times

·      Always relevant

Soliloquy- when the actor reveals his thoughts to the audience

12/13/10

no personal pronouns, never say I.

How to Construct an Essay:

I. Introduction

1.   point one

2.   point 2

3.   point 3

4.   thesis

II.  Topic sentence- point 1

·      Quotes

·      Statements

III. Topic sentence- point 2

IV. Topic sentence- point 3

V. Conclusion

·      Re-state the thesis and add a final thought

12/14/10

The Merchant of Venice (1597)

·      Setting: Venice/ Belmont

·      Venetians

·      Rialto

·      Jewish Ghetto

Portia is the heiress

·      Cant get married until he solves the riddle

Gentlewoman- personal advisor- kinda like a personal assistant

Antonio- merchant

Gratiano- let me play the fool

·      Let me make you laugh

·      Let me be the one that you talk to

Mirth- cheer

Why should someone who is alive sit like the statue head that sits outside of a tomb

12/21/10

Grammar Review

Everybody is interested in where (their, his) name came from.

Either the twins  or James will bring (his, their) football.

·      One closest to prounoun

Damon and his girlfriend Felicia always eat (his, their) favorite foods.

Each student must pick up (his, their) bus pass from the office.

One who gives (his, their) child an original name is proud.

12/21/10

shylock needs to be sure that Antonio is a good investment

·      sure yeah sure yeah yeah ill do it

3 reason that shylock hates Antonio

1.   Antonio is Christian

2.   Lends money without asking for interest

3.   He publicly disrespects shylock

12/22/10

the devil can site the bible for his purpose

parallel stories

Portia        bound by

Father        will

Antonia           bound

Shylock          by

Bassanio         loan

All arrogant

Shylock talks himself down

1/31/11

“Tell me where is fancy bred,

Or in the heart, or in the head?”

History Notes

9/14/10

Disciplines of the Social Sciences

1.   History- events of the past

2.   Political Science- specifically studies the government and governing

3.   Economics- has to do with money or resources= who gets them and scarcity (not enough goods for everyone)

a.   Economics forms the disciplines of a society

4.   Geography- having to do with the earth, landforms, oceans, ect.= anything having to do with the physical nature of the world

5.   Sociology- the study of group behavior

6.   Anthropology- the study of cultures from the past

a.   Archeologist- specialized archeologist that digs to find fossils, bones, remnants of societies that existed= finding evidence

9/15/10

Geography- Where did the wooly mammoth live and what kind of habitat?

Sociology- What was the behavior of the wooly mammoth? Did the wooly mammoth travel in packs or alone?

Early settlers came by foot across Bering Straight down Pacific Coast

Wooly mammoth- 2,00 pounds

·      Used for food, clothing and tools

Nomads wander from place to place looking for food.

Nomadic People

End of Ice Age- temperature warmed and the glaciers melted

Switched to hunting smaller game and gathering

About 5,00 years ago, switched to agriculture- made it possible to stay in one place

·      Hunters and gatherers

Maize- corn

9/16/10

Europe around 1492

Monarchs-> nobles-> peasants

·      Intermarriage between the monarchs= forms alliances, but can also cause a disease to be prevalent in the families (cousins+cousins)

·      Nobles are still considered the upper class

    Nuclear families- immediate families, everybody in Europe lived with their                                     

nuclear families

     Gender determined your role in society= males dominated

    The basic institution- strongest & most dominant religious group= Roman Catholic church

·      believed in getting converts

732- the Muslims controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal

·      they were driven out in 1492- Reconquista= the Spanish inquisition

1096-1270= a number of crusades took place

·      failed military expeditions by the Roman Catholics to the middle east to force the Muslims out of the Holy Land

Crusades

1. sparked an interest in trade (silk, porcelain, tea, spices)

2. weakened nobles- financed the crusades but then lost money because the crusades were unsuccessful

3. strengthened the monarchs (bc when the nobles lose money the monarchs gained)-> sponsor expeditions to the Americas

9/20/10

(Europe)

1340’s

·      20 million people die of the Black Plague/ Black Death/ Bubonic plague

1400’s

·      growth of commerce

·      population growth

·      rise of nations- Spain and Portugal (Iberian), France, England= looking for wealth overseas

·      Renaissance Spirit- “rebirth”= new ideas

o   Gutenberg (1450’s) invents or uses movable type and printed the bible= made it easier for people to have copies because they were made more quickly, efficiently and were cheaper

§  Marco Polo took the bible to Asia

Cultural Diffusion= culture spreads from one place to another

-                                           the bible

-                                           horses- spain

-                                           jews= bagels

Caravel- new ship

1. lighter

2. swifter

3. more maneuverable- sternpost and rudder

Triangular sails- allowed ship to sail easily against the wind

9/21/10

Portugal- Prince Henry “the Navigator”

1488- Dias rounds southern tip of  Africa

1498- Vasco de Gama reaches India

Columbus is going to be sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

·      1492- first voyage, landed on Hispanola (made up of the Dominican Republic and Haiti) and explores Cuba

o   his ships were the Santa Marina, the Pinta, the neyah

10/4/10

Christopher Columbus

·      Explored Hispanola and Cuba

o   Called the natives “Los Indios”, but they called themselves Tainos

·      First voyage- 3 ships (nina, pinta, santa marina) sponsored by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

·      Second voyage- 17 ships, 1,000 colonists including 5 priests

Columbus was responsible for:

·      Discovery of America

·      Death of many Native Americans

·      Slavery

     At first, the native Americans were friendly towards Christopher Columbus, But after more explorers came, they began to resist and were taken by force. Additionally, they would die from diseases brought from Spain that were foreign to them, so their bodies couldn’t protect them.

    

In Europe, national rivalries are developing

·      Treaty of Tordeseillas- treaty between Portugal and Spain

1494- sets up an imaginary line dividing western hemisphere (N & S Amer.)

·      Most of the land goes to Spain

·      Portugal gets Brazil (Portuguese)

Columbian Exchange- global transfer of living things (and some non-living)

·      Things from America to Europe= corn, potatoes, squash, pumpkins, peanuts, ect

·      Things from Europe to America= horses, cattle, pigs, ect

·      Things from Africa to Europe and North America= black eyed peas, bananas, eggplant, ect

·      Things from Europe to Africa= guns, iron tools, wheeled vehicles, ect

10/5/10

Spanish Exploration

3 G’s

1.   gold- riches for Spain

2.   god- convert Native Americans

3.   glory- power

Conquistadors- Spanish explorers looking for gold and silver

·      made Spain wealthy

·      destroyed Native communities- weapons, disease

Cortes- explored Mexico’s Aztec Empire which was very developed with a lot of gold

Montezuma- emperor of the Aztecs

·      Gave Cortes some golf at first because he thought he was a god

     Aztecs were forced to mine solver and gold- they rebelled and killed Montezuma and forces the Spanish out

1521- Cortes returns and overpowers the Aztecs

·      The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is changed to Mexico City

Peninsulares- Spanish settlers (mostly new)

Mestizo- mixed Spanish and native Americans (mixed blood)

Encomienda- Natives farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish landlords

1500’s- Spain’s Golden Age

·      Native Americas die off and slaves from Africa are used for labor

10/6/10

Genocide- wipe out an entire group

Hate crime- target a person based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, nationality (ethnicity)

1513-

Ponce de Leon

·      explored Florida

o   founded St. Augustine- oldest European-founded city in the U.S.

Coronado

·      Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma

·      Priests converted Native Americans and taught them skills

Pope

·      a Pueblo religious leader led a rebellion against the Spanish. They burned churches, killed priests and it tool 14 years for the Spanish to regain control of the southwest (America)

Great Britain begins to become a threat to Spain

The Thirteen original colonies= Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia.

10/7/10

British Colonization

Jamestown, Virginia 1607- the first colony ins the U.S.

·      Came to discover gold

·      Disease and hunger= 38/150 lived

·      Pow Hatans- friendly at first, and then became hostile when they felt threatened

o   The chiefs daughter, Pocahontas was a famous princess who married John Rolfe

·      John Smith- took control of the colony

o   1609- six hundred more colonists arrive

o   tobacco saves the colony- called “brown gold”

o   tobacco exported to England= made the colony very rich

§  John Rolfe discovers a way to ship tobacco without spoilage

o   1619- slaves are brought from Africa to help work on the tobacco plantations

labor

    indentured servant- too poor to pay passage to the New World

·      exchange their labor (5-7 years) for passage on a ship

o   from England- would be thrown in jail if you were in debt, and you couldn’t get out unless you paid.

·      Taught a trade and given the tools of their trade-> middle class

o   They leave their indenture form the person they came with (for whom they worked for) with their learned skill

     Head Right System- 50 acres given to new arrivals plus 50 more to each      family member

     English did not intermarry the Spanish

     Fighting broke out between the Native Americans and the frontier colonists- the wealthy colonists refuse to give help

·      This leads to Bacons Rebellion

10/8/10

Bacons Rebellion

·      Bacon marches on Jamestown which leads to violence. Jamestown is burned by Bacon and his followers. One month later Bacon dies and the rebellion ends.

·      Bacon was the leader of a group of men who wanted to fight the Native Americans on the frontier. He asked a bunch of wealthy colonists to help him but they turned him down because there was no reason. so instead of fighting the native Americans, he went to fight the wealthy colonists (in Jamestown).

o   When the Native Americans realized the colonists would want to use them, the Native Americans started to turn against the colonists.

o   The rebellion ended because Bacons followers no longer had a strong leader, so they dispersed.

10/12/10

The Puritans (Pilgrims):

- They wanted to eliminate all traces of Catholicism from the church of England which was Protestant.

- They left England for Holland and then left Holland for America.

1620---> Second permanent English settlement.

Settled on Cape Cod and Boston.

John Winthrop---> Leader.

Before leaving The Mayflower, they signed an agreement called “The Mayflower Compact”

- Pledged loyalty to King.

Created laws for colony.

Important landmark in the development of democracy.

Goal - To create a moral society, considered themselves “G-d’s Elect”

Puritan work ethics - opposed drinking, swearing, dancing idleness.

-Came to America as families.

10/14/10

Dissenters- a member of a nonestablished church

Roger Williams - Should be freedom of worship for all Native Americans should be paid for their land fled south to the est. Providence, Rhode Island colony had separation of church and state and religious freedom.

Touro Synagogue - Est. in Newport RI 1759. (1st and oldest)

-Banished in 1638

Anne Hutchinson - Went to RI, then to New York.

10/18/10

The Middle Colonies:

New Netherlands

·      1609- explored and claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch (sailed for the diamonds and Holland- wooden shoes)

·      fur traders- got along well with the Native Americans

religious toleration

·      settled slowly so Dutch opened it up to other Europeans- German, French, Scandinavians (free and slaves= diversity)

·      England took over colony and renamed it New York (of Duke of York)

Quakers- land given to William Penn by the king to repay debt

Penn settles Philadelphia- ‘city of brotherly love’’ the colony called Pennsylvania

1. gods “inner light” burned in everyone

2. harassed by Puritanst Anglicans

Quakers- religious group

·      Dressed plainly

·      Pacifists

·      No formal ministers- anyone can speak

Penn gave only adult males 50 acres and the right to vote, freedom of religion, democrat assembly. Penn paid Native Americans for their land= good relationship with Native Americans

10/19/10

Compare the similarities and differences between Jamestown, Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay Colonies

Jamestown:

·      came to find gold

·      grew tobacco on plantations= plantation economy

·       

·      Got indentured servants

·      Those who didn’t own land could not vote

·      Sold crops of tobacco to make money

·      Had a war against themselves (bacon)

Massachusetts Bay Colony/Plymouth:

·      Came for religious freedom

·      Had small farms, fishing, trade, lumbar and ships/shipping

·      Were organized and had many supplies when they were settling

·      Worked hard themselves

·      All adult male members of the puritan church could vote

·      Came for religious freedom but did not like views other than theirs

·      Tried to force their ideals on the native Americans

·      Raged a war against the native Americans (King Philips war)

Similarities:

·      Conflict with Native Americans

·      Both colonies, in the end, became very successful

·      Both attacked the native Americans for land

·      Both caused the native American populations to decrease

10/21/10

Mercantilism- when a mother country (MC) rakes colonies in order to become wealthy and sufficient

Goals

1.   acquire gold and other valuable resources

2.   have a favorable balance of trade (export more than you import= profit)

3.   colonies exist to benefit MC

Role of Colonies

1.   provide raw material

2.   provide a market for finished products

3.   must trade with MC

Role of MC

1.   provide protection for colonies from Native Americans and foreign countries on their border

ex: Spanish in Florida

1607- Jamestown was founded

169 years, 8’ish generations- settled and thrived, colonies and populations     expanded

1776- American Revolution

Salutary Neglect- the British allowed the colonies to function independently

1652- Navigation Acts

2.   goods must be shipped in British to colonial ships

3.   crew- ¾ English

4.   certain products could only be traded with England

a.   tobacco, sugar, rice, molasses, ect.

10/22/10

People who came because they were made to come

The Middle Passage- voyage across the Atlantic

10/27/10

Slavery- forced migration

1619- first slaves brought to Virginia to work on tobacco and rice plantations

Middle Passage- voyage across the Atlantic

At the beginning of the American Revolution there were 400,000 slaves which was 20% of the population- most of the South

Slavery was abolished in

·      RI- 1774

·      PA- 1780

·      MA- 1783

·      CT- 1784

10/29/10

Hierarchy of Slaves

House slaves

    V

Skilled slaves

    V

Field slaves (imagine being whipped)

·      Lack of dignity

·      Kept healthy in order to work

Effects in the South

·      ¼ of the population owned slaves

·      immigrants avoided south

·      farmers and craftsmen in South were paid less

·      no investment in commerce + industry in south

·      1830- 2 million slaves

·      1832- Virginia votes to continue slavery- it predicts the civil war

How was the North involved in slavery?

·      Triangular Trade

                             New England Colonies

                                        ^

                                             Sugar/ Molasses 

    (Rum)                                       ^  ($) makes up for unfavorable  

Africa                                              ^ balance of trade with England

                                                 West Indies

    > >   slaves   > >

11/1/10

The Commercial North

·      Diversified economy

·      Urban centers-

o   Boston

o   NY

o   Philadelphia

·      Women had few legal rights

Two movements began to change how the colonists thought:

1.   The Enlightenment- 1700’s- used reason and the Scientific Method led by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton

a.   It was an intellectual movement that travelled to the colonies- used by Ben Franklin who experimented to find truth and later on Thomas Jefferson who used reason to establish natural rights and question British authority.

2.   The Great Awakening- sought to revive the dedication of the early Puritans to the church.

a.   Large revival meetings were held outside

b.   Led by Jonathon Edwards

c.    Increased interest in higher education-> Princeton, Brown, Columbia, Dartmouth established to train ministers

d.   George Whitefield travels to the colonies seven times from England to deliver dramatic sermons.

11/1/10

The Commercial North

Diversified Economy:

Urban Centers – Boston, NY, Philadelphia.

Women had few legal rights.

2 Movements Began To Change How the Colonies Thought:

1) The Enlightenment – 1700s – Used reason and the scientific method. Led by Copernicus, Galileo and Newton.

It was an intellectual movement that travelled to the colonies used by Ben Franklin who experimented to find truth and later on Thomas Jefferson who used reason to establish natural rights and question British authority.

2) The Great Awakening – South to revive the dedication of the early Puritans to the church, large revival meetings were held outside by Jonathan Edwards.

Increased interest in higher education → Princeton, Brown, Columbia, Dartmouth established to train ministers.

George Whitefield travels to the colonies seven times from England to deliver dramatic sermons.

11/2/10: Election Day!

How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening influence the colonists?

What were the Salem Witch Trials?

“What is popular is not always right and what is right is not always popular.”

-Albert Einstein

Benjamin Franklin will be using - Experimenting and Reasoning

11/3/10

How were the colonists affected by the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening?

Salem Witch Trials: 1692

-19 hanged.

-4 die in jail.

-1 crushed to death.

-150 imprisoned.

-False accusations, hysteria, innuendo→(Implying that someone is a certain way without proof).

The French and Indian War→ Misnomer (false name for something)

British and French War→ A continuation of prior European wars.

French defeated by British→ Quebec, William Pitt (British will force French out of Canada/French Canadians)

Treaty of Paris – 1763

11/4/10

The French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris- 1763

·      Britain gets all land east of Mississippi River and Canada

·      France keeps a few small islands in West Indies and near Newfoundland, Canada

The Native Americans are upset that the British win because the British are expanding across the Appalachian Mountains.

Proclamation of 1763- British ban all settlements West of the Appalachian Mountains- angers colonists and they ignore it

Results of the War:

1.   British send troops to the colonies to keep Native Americans and French under control

a.   Colonists view this as a threat to them

2.   Britain is in great debt

a.   Geroge Grenville= Prime Minister of Breat Britain in 1763

b.   1764- Sugar Acts- at attempt to stop smuggling

                                 i.     angers colonists

                               ii.     “taxation without representation”

3.   Colonists develop military strength and see the weaknesses in the British army

1765- Stamp act- first direct tax on colonies

·      Tax on printed material

1770-

Boston Massacre (Sam Adams)

·      mob- fighting over jobs Br. Sailors

·      clash with British soldiers- 5 colonists die

committees of correspondence- write letters to other colonies to keep them informed

11/5/10

1773- Tea Act

·      tax on tea

Result- Boston Tea Party

·      Colonists dressed as native Americans and dumped the tea that was on a ship in the harbor as a protest.

·      The tea had been sitting in the harbor because the colonists were boycotting it

o   Boycott- refuse to buy or use a product protest

Punishment- The Intolerable Acts

·      The British closed the ports of Boston

·      They establish the martial law- military government involving the suspension of ordinary law.

·      This rallies the colonists

1774- First Continental Congress

·      50 delegates in Philadelphia

·      draw up the Declaration of Colonial Rights

·      step up military preparation

11/9/10

things about the Declaration:

·      He- George III

·      unalienable rights that cannot be taken away

·      despotism- rule by a tyrant with absolute power

o   power is derived form “consent of the governed” (the people)

o   people have the power to abolish any government that tries to take away unalienable rights

mercenaries- paid soldiers hired to fight for another country

11/10/10

Why is the Declaration of Independence important?

1.   Presents new ideas (from the Enlightenment)

2.   Stated what colonies were rebelling and made the war into a war of independence

3.   Source of inspiration worldwide

4.   Provided U.S. with a basic democratic philosophy which influenced the ideas in the Constitution

11/16/10

Whom did the Declaration of Independence not include?

·      (1776)

1.   slaves-

a.   1865= 13^th amendment- abolished slavery in the US

b.   1868= 14^th amendment- citizenship for former slaves

c.    1870= 15^th amendment- the right to vote for former male slaves

2.   Non-property owners= did not have the full rights because they did not own property

3.   Woman

a.   1920= 19^th amendment- woman’s suffrage

4.   Native Americans- citizenship in 1924

11/17/10

Test:

13. The French and Indian war increased tension between Britain and the American colonies because:

·      My answer- the British pressed the colonists to settle in Canada

·      Right answer- the British insisted that the colonists share the expenses of the war

16. which statement about slavery or the effects of slavery in the south is true?

·      My answer- a majority of people in the south owned slaves

·      Right- little investments in commerce and industry was made in the south

24. which is not true about the cartoon join or die?

·      My answer- it urged the colonists to unite during the French and Indian war

Right- it urged the colonists to unite during the revolutionary war

25. which is true about the impact of the French and Indian war on the colonies?

·      Mine- the colonists resented the British keeping an army in the colonies after war ended

·      That and the colonists gained valuable army experience, the British wanted the colonists to help pay for the expanses of the war

26. the triangular trade routes enable the new England colonies to make up for their unfavorable balance of trade with great Britain by

·      Mine- sending rum to the west indies

·      Receiving sugar, molasses and money form the west indies

28. the impact of the great awakening and the enlightenment on the colonies was

·      Mine- they both believe in the using experimentation reason and logic to understand the world

·      They both caused people to question traditional authority

Is the Declaration of Independence still relevant today?

11/22/10

“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”

·      JFK at his inaugural speech

John Kennedy made the Peace  Corp

11/29/10

{independence will be achieved by the treaty of paris}

Why is the Critical Period critical?

·      Economic distress

o   Different currency in every state

o   Debt to foreign countries

o   Debt to creditors in our country that lent money to finance the Revolutionary War

o   Inflation- rapid rise in prices so that the value of money goes down

o   Profiteering-

·      Political disunity

Articles of Confederation- name of the first constitution

Weaknesses of Articles

1.   No chief executive

2.   9/13 states to pass a bill (69%)

3.   unanimous (all) vote to pass an amendment

4.   taxes and army were voluntary on the part of the states

5.   states maintained their own monetary system

6.   each state (regardless of size or number of people) had one vote

a.   bigger states will complain and say this is not fair

7.   Articles could not control interstate or foreign commerce

Each stated wanted to hold on to the power it had as a colony and their sovereignty. This constitution will not last.

11/30/10

What were the successes of the Articles of the Confederation?

·      Land Ordinance of 1785- set up townships of 36 sq. miles

o   1 sq. mile= 640 acres

o   farm= 160 acres

 

                                                              orderly way of selling land

                                                          educ

1787 Northwest Ordinance

How to admit new states to the U.S.

1.   Few people in territory- governor, secretary, 3 judges

2.   5,000 adult free men – added a legislature

3.   60,000 adult free men – apply for statehood

slavery prohibited

freedom of religion

3-5 states created from the land south of the Great Lakes

Shays Rebellion- 1787- uprising by farmers in debt

·      Mob marches toward arsenal in Springfield, MA

·      4 killed by militia

·      Daniel Shays was a Revolutionary War veteran

·      This rebellion leads to the Constitutional Convention on 1787 in Philadelphia

George Washington was the president of the constitutional convention (2^nd important job to leading the troops during the revolutionary war).- “father of our country”

James Madison took notes- he was considered the “father of the constitution” because he took notes on everything.

Constitutional Convention- There were 55 delegates all together from all the states except from Rhode Island

12/1/10

What compromises were necessary to ratify the new Constitution?

1.    The Great Compromise

a.   ]bicameral legislature

Congress

o   Senate- equal for each state= 2 senators

§  Will satisfy the small states

o   House of Representatives- population= minimum of 1

§  Will satisfy the large states

ú  As of today, there are 435 members

Representation big v. small

2.   3/5^th compromise

each slave counts as 3/5^th of a person for purposes of representation and taxing

100 slave= 60 people

3.   Compromise on the economy

a.   No tax on exports (favored by south)

b.   Tax on imports (tariff)

12/2/10

What compromises were necessary to ratify the Constitution?

·      Compromises over presidency

o   4 yeah term of office

o   indirect way of electing the president

§  electoral college

ú  270 elec. votes to win

·      Slavery- would not outlaw importing slaves for 20 years

12/3/10

Battle	Outcome
New York 8/76	·      British win ·      New England ·      Washington retreats to PA
Trenton 12/76	Washington leads troops to victory against the hessians in a surprise attack ·      Patriots win ·      Washington leads an attack on Christmas nights ·      Hessians (German mercenary soldiers) are captured
Saratoga late 1777	colonists win. Turning point of the war= convinces France to send troops and supplies to the colonists and to recognize them as an independent country. Great Britain comes south from Canada and tries to isolate
Valley Forge	Valley Forge- Washington leads troops. Very cold and hungry. Lafayette (French) came and trained the troops bc the colonial troops were undisciplined and unorganized and von steuben (Prussian) helped train troops too. They were stuck there for the winter without food.
Yorktown	wife line(surrender)- October 1781- british surrender lat battle of revolutionary war general kornwalis and attacked and surrenders
Treaty of Paris 1783	Ends the war US, Britain, and Spain sign a document that recognizes that the colonies are independent. Country borders on the Atlantic ocean all the way to the Mississippi river

12/7/10

What is today the anniversary of?

·      Pearl Harbor

Finish homework- critical thinking #1

Test Wednesday- review sheet posted

Ratifying the Constitution

·      9 states

 

Federalists                                     Antifederalists

Supporters of constitution-                   opposed to new constitution

Madison, Washington                      Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry

Systems of checks and balances          Predict abuse by the new strong

and division of power will prevent        central government.

tyranny.                                             Country too large to be managed by

                                            one government. No Bill of Rights.

                                    Serves the interests of wealthy

Federalist Papers- Madison, Alexander Hamilton, john Jay- articles in favor of                the Constitution

Delaware- Dec. 1787- first state to ratify the Constitution

New Hampshire- June 1788- 9^th state

New York and Virginia- biggest states, did not vote right away

·      Waited until Dec 1791- Bill of Rights

12/8/10

What did Americans fear in terms of government?

·      That the government would have to much power

ooh- power divided between federal state and local governments- divided vertically

Federal government- delegated or enumerated (listed) powers

o   Coining money

o   Declaring war

                V

State governments- reserved powers

o   licenses

                V

Local government

12/9/10

Separation of powers- horizontal

Executive                           Judicial                          Legislative

President, VP                 Supreme Court               Congress-                             Cabinet                         and lower courts              Senate, H of Rep

Agencies

12/13/10

26^th amendment- lowered voting age to 18˙

concurrent powers-  shared both federal government and state governments

1.   taxing

2.   highways

3.   voting

The Preamble to the Constitution “We the people…purposes of the Constitution”

12/16/10

List 10 characteristics of a great president.

1.   Charismatic

2.    

12/29/10

WEINER TAKE ALL

·      If you win a state (popular vote), you get all the electoral votes of ‘em all

12/30/10

The Legislative Branch of Government

               Senate

Congress

Bicarmel

               House of Representatives

Passes laws- both Houses must pass law but majority vote

The Judicial Branch of Government

Supreme court and lover courts

·      Supreme court makes decision on appeals- challenge a conviction based on grounds that are not constitutional

12/31/10

Judicial Brach

·      Supreme Court

·      1 Chief Justice- John Roberts

·      8 Associate Justices

o   Ruth Bader Ginsberg

o   Clarence Thomas- black

o   Elena Kagan

o   Sotomayer

o   Breyer

o   Scalia

o   Alito

1/4/11

what did we learn from the video that we didn’t know before?

1/17/11

I believe that nazi speech should be prohibited and they should not be allowed to march. While the first amendment does give freedom of speech, you are not allowed freedom of speech if you will cause harm to others. Even if the Nazis marched in Skokie and the Jews did stay civil, it would still cause mental harm to people.

Second amendment- right to have guns

·      Reserved power- the states decision

Third amendment- doesn’t apply anymore

·      No longer need to house soldiers in your house

Fourth amendment- searches and seizures